In 2011, the world once again turned against the Libyan government
over its use of violence against the popular uprising against the Colonel, inspired by the anti-authoritarian protests sweeping through
the Arab world.
The UN Security Council passed a resolution
authorising Nato air strikes to protect civilians. After months of
near-stalemate, the rebels stormed into Tripoli in August 2011, and several
weeks later Col Gaddafi was killed when his last holdout was overrun.
A
transitional government took charge and had the challenge of imposing
order, disbanding the former rebel forces, rebuilding the economy,
creating functioning institutions and managing the pledged transition to
democracy and the rule of law.
Elections for a General National
Congress were held in July 2012, the country's first free national
election in six decades. The congress appointed a prime minister, Ali
Zeidan, in October, who formed an interim government tasked with
preparing the ground for a new constitution and fresh parliamentary
elections.
However, tensions between nationalists and Islamists
have stymied attempts to produce a stable government, and in 2014 the
country was riven by fighting between rival militias. Central government
collapsed, and the United Nations has struggled to bring political
factions together.
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